The igneous geology of the Dalmeny district

The following are the principal points described in this thesis:- (1) A well-marked pre-glacial dry valley has been discovered between Castle Craig and New England. (2) The Hound Point Sill has been traced south as far as the Ochiltree Fault» and the mapped area of the Mons Hill Sill is thus greatly reduced. (3) 78 ft. or more of bedded basaltic tuff has been found at Mansion Hill. (4) A new volcanic horizon has been discovered at the Buchans which were found to consist not of quartz dolerite but of Dalmeny basalt. (5) The Scottish teschenites have been classified and divided into three groups: A. Porphyritic or Basalt Type B. Ophitic or Dolerite Type C. Non-ophitic or Gabbro Type. (6) A new and unique type of teschenite from Obelisk Hill, Aberdour, has been described. (7) A theralitic modification from the Mons Hill Sill at Whitehouse Pt. has been described. (8) Nepheline has been detected for the first time in a British rock belonging to group B. of the teschenites. (9) Aegirine-augit e has been recorded in the Dundas teschenite sill and aegirine itself has been detected in a pink segregation vein of the Craigie teschenite

The geology of the Shiant Isles

I. INTRODUCTION -- PHYSICAL FEATURES 1 • • II. PREVIOUS LITERATURE 5 • • III. PRESENT RESEARCH 9 • • IV. SUMMARY OF GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE 10 • • V. JURASSIC STRATA 14 • (1) Garbh Eilean 14 • (2) Eilean an Tighe 17 • (3) Eilean Mhuire 18 • (4) Conclusions 20 • • VI. IGNEOUS GEOLOGY 22 • (1) Upper Sill of Garbh Eilean and Eilean an Tighe 22 • (d) Field Characters 22 • (b) Petrography 28 • (c) Analyses, Norms, Modes, etc 42 • (d) Differentiation of Sill 48 • (2) Lower Sill of Garbh Eilean 65 • (3) Upper Sill of Eilean Mhuire 67 • (4) Lower Sill of Eilean Mhuire 68 • (a) Field Characters 68 • (b) Petrography 71 • (c) Analyses, Norms, Modes, etc 83 • (d) Differentiation of Sill 87 • (5) Galtachean 91 • (a) Field Characters 91 • (b) Petrography 92 • (o) Differentiation 94 • (6) Age and Affinities of Shiant Sills 95 • • VII. GLACIATION 98 • • VIII, QUATERNARY AND RECENT DEPOSITS 100 • • IX. PLACE NAMES 100 • • X. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 101 • • XI. PLATES AND MAP

The Westminster directory: its origin and significance

The Directory for the Public Worship of God, composed in 1644-45 by the English Parliamentary commission known as the Westminster Assembly of Divines, to be the standard of liturgical uniformity for the national churches of England and Scotland, was the product of a complex of political factors, traditional worship usages, and a rigid theological system.It was the liturgical manifesto of the revolutionary party in the political-ecclesiastical erruption which took place in both kingdoms during the reign of Charles I. The worship principles evolved by the revolutionaries, while informed positively bjr Calvinistic practice and teaching, were negatively influenced by the "Catholic" principles represented by the autocratic forces against which they were in revolt. The Directory thus partook of the inevitable excesses of a revolutionary ideology.The influence had upon the Directory by the book's liturgical predecessors in the two nations and by the usages of the two churches are probably greater than was realised by its composers who presumed to be working from first principles with no regard for traditions. A careful textual study reveals that both the Genevan-Scottish Book of Common Order and the Anglican Book of Common Prayer, in differing ways, helped determine the structure and content of this service book, as did the unwritten traditions of English Puritanism and, more especially, of Scottish Presbyterianism. In the main, the influence of the GenevanScottish order can be seen in the general approach to the public worship taken in the Directory and in its theological.content. And the influence of the Prayer Book is discernible in certain structural details. But literal dependence on either book is very limited.A theological position which maintained the verbal infallibility and exclusive authority of the Bible and the total depravity of man and his tradition, was the third major contributing factor in the shaping of the Directory. This largely accounts for the Word-centred nature and penitential character of its services and for its express repudiation of the "traditions of men"The influence of the Directory upon subsequent worship usages is negligible; the book failed to gain acceptance in England, and while it had formal sanction in Scotland, was little used over the following two centuries in which directorial authority in worship was regarded with indifference or hostility. However, a movement emerged in the Scottish Church in the mid-nineteenth century which, in seeking recovery and enrichment of the Beformed liturgical tradition, looked to the Directory and the old Book of Common Order as the repositories of Reformed principles and usages of worship. Consequently, the influence of the Directory can be traced in the numerous official and semi-official service books which have been produced by the Scottish Presbyterian Churches over the past century.The Directory, while unsuitable for liturgical use in the modern Reformed Church, remains a valuable repository of the major historical principles of reformed worship

Communicating entrepreneurship and ethnicity in New Zealand

In this paper, we compare entrepreneurship practice of the Maori culture with that of the other five ethnic groups or cultures in New Zealand including European New Zealanders, Europeans, Chinese, Indians and Pacific Islanders. One of the most reported findings in previous GEM reports was that Maori are every bit as entrepreneurial as other ethnicities. Some commentators were surprised by this finding, since Maori collect more than their proportionate share of benefit entitlements. But we have shown that Maori have a history of entrepreneurship and enterprise upon which to draw (Frederick and Henry, 2004). The Maori economy, though small, is &quot;robust and poised for continued expansion&quot;, says a recent report by the Institute of Economic Research (NZIER, 2003).<br /

The origin, turnover and removal and normal glomerular basement membrane

A comprehensive account of the natural history of normal glomerular basement membrane is prerequisite to elucidating the pathogenesis of numerous renal diseases. The experimental argyric technique was investigated, adapted and applied in a long term sequential, electron microscopic study of normal glomerular basement membrane in the rat. The results demonstrate that a major component of glomerular basement membrane is secreted by the visceral epithelial cells. This component is laid down on the epithelial side and slowly moves towards the endothelial side of the basement membrane as new basement membrane material continues to be secreted. The old basement membrane material is removed from the endothelial aspect of the membrane and passes by way of the lamina rara interna to the mesangial matrix for subsequent ingestion by the mesangial cells. This process is continuous and slow; the time for complete renewal of the glomerular basement membrane in the rat is of the order of twelve months. Secretion of this component, by the epithelial dells, is effected by a vascular-coated pit mechanism and removal, by the mesangial cells, is effected by a phagocytic mechanism. The results further indicate the presence of a second component in glomerular basement membrane. This second component is probably of endothelial origin and has a much faster turnover rate than the main, or epithelial derived, component. Study was also made of glomeruli from two cases of human argyria and though the observations perforce are limited, the results show that human glomerular basement membrane has a natural history essentially similar to rat glomerular basement membrane. On the basis of these experimental observations, correlated with the results of previous investigations, a model of the functional morphology of glomerular basement membrane is proposed. The potential applications of this model are briefly indicated

Lethal Parasites in Oysters from Coastal Georgia with Discussion of Disease and Management Implications

Extensive mortalities of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, occurred from 1985 through 1987 in coastal waters of Georgia. Fluid thioglycolate cultures of oysters collected from 16 of 17 locations revealed infections by the apicomplexan parasite Perkinsus marinus. An ascetosporan parasite, Haplosporidium nelsoni, was also observed in histopathological examination of oysters from 4 of the locations. While the range of H. nelsoni currently is recognized as the east coast of the United States from Maine to Florida, this is the first report of the parasite in Georgia waters. This paper documents the occurrence of these two lethal parasites in oysters from coastal waters of Georgia, along with potential disease and management implications. Results of an earlier independent and previously unpublished survey are also discussed which document the presence of P. marinus in Georgia as early as 1966

Evaluation of Chemical Additives for the Separation and Recovery of Bacteria from Food Matrices

The microbiological testing of foods is a well-established science. Due to the severity of foodborne pathogen illnesses, the widespread use and implementation of rapid detection methods in food testing labs is increasingly important. The first step for successful testing is sampling. Surfactants have been widely used in food microbiology, but there is not much, if any, published research about the use of fatty alcohols and chemical dispersants as aids in microbial separation and recovery. The microbial extraction efficiency of Escherichia coli K12 and Listeria innocua from three representative food matrices (hot dogs, spinach, and milk) was measured using chemical additives (surfactants, fatty alcohols, and a chemical dispersant) at three concentrations, each in a buffered solution. The food matrices were inoculated with a known amount of bacteria, blended in a buffer solution, with and without additives, and then centrifuged. Data were analyzed through selective media plate counts. Results showed that Tween 80 at 0.01% was found to be the most effective additive for microbial recovery from each food matrix examined. However, the addition of fatty alcohols to surfactants significantly aided in separation and recovery, and should be further studied

Small RNA regulation of neural gene expression in response to environmental exposure associated with neuropsychiatric syndromes

Postmortem molecular analysis of the human brain during development and aging suggests there are epigenetic changes reflecting early life experiences. This includes changes in the expression of non-coding RNAs such as microRNA. These molecules alter the regulation of gene expression and can interact with underlying genetic risk factors, contributing to neurological and neuropsychiatric syndromes such as schizophrenia. Recent evidence suggests that these dynamic and influential molecules play an important role in both brain development and the cellular response to stress. In our recent studies, we investigate the role of microRNA in the brains’ response to maternal immune activation and adolescent cannabinoid exposure, alone and in combination, as both have been identified as environmental risk factors for this disorder. We found that combined exposure to significantly altered microRNA expression in the left hemisphere of the entorhinal cortex as compared to the right. These changes were dominated by a large subgroup of microRNA transcribed from a single imprinted locus on chromosome 6q32 that is associated with schizophrenia. These changes correlated with altered gene expression in the combined treatment group, with microRNA-gene interactions predicted to regulate neuronal growth and differentiation; development of specific cortical layers; synaptic plasticity and transmission; axonogenesis; gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter system; and learning and memory formation. These findings suggested that the interaction of both an early and late environmental insult enhances changes in offspring microRNA expression in the brain with possible outcomes relevant to neurological disorders in adulthood